University  Library 
University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


rn 


THE    GENIUS 


OF 


AMERICAN   LIBERTY 


BY 


FANNY    GREEN    McDOUGAL. 


SAN    FRANCISCO: 

PUBLISHED  BY  BENJAMIN  TODD  &  CO 

"BANNER  OF  PROGRESS"    OFFICE, 

5.33  CLAY  STREET. 


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,A?/o8- 


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Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1867, 
BY  FRANCES  H.  McDOUGAL, 

in  the  Office  of  the  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  for  the  District  of 
California. 


•<d§~->*»~+~**i&~- ^5^^^-~^^>~V-s^-~^ 

ENIUS   Or   I&MEHICAN   ^IBEKTY.  ^ 


PROEM. 


STERN  Fusterer  of  Freedom,  stooping  down 

So  grandly  from  the  summit  of  thy  mountains  ! 
But  crimson  spots  are  on  thy  radiant  crown, 

And  their  dark  shadow  stains  thy  silvery  fountains. 
Not  such  wert  tliou  described  in  early  pages, 
Thy  strong  wing  sunny  with  the  Golden  Ages. 
Wash,  and  be  clean  ;  then  soar,  sublime,  above, 
Thy  brave  heart  sanctified  and  warmed  by  Love  — 
Still  looking  outward  from  thy  forest  bower, 
With  all  the  Eagle's  majesty  and  power  — 
Still  stretching  upward,  with  a  straining  pinion, 
Unto  an  Angel's  glory  and  dominion! 
Be  thy  bright  plumage  over  Earth  unfurled  ! 
Fold  thy  protecting  wings  around  the  world  ! 


^ 


HE  sat  on  the  mast  of  the  Mayflower ; 

She  perched  in  the  white,  wintry  wood ; 
And  as  the  bold  bark  bore  inland, 
On  a  crag  of  the  cliff  she  stood ; 
And  she  heard  the  Pilgrims'  paean 

Over  the  wild  waves  roll: 
"  Shout  unto  God  thanksgiving, 

For  Liberty  of  Soul !  " 
And  waving  wood,  and  heaving  main, 
Sang,  as  they  caught  the  loud  refrain, 
"  To  Liberty  of  Soul ! " 


* 


THE     GENIUS     OF 


She  lit  up  the  flaming  Gaspeea 

By  the  wild  Narragansett  shore  ; 
And  the  Tyrant's  Tea,  at  Boston, 

To  the  gulfing  wave  she  bore. 
She  stood  by. PATRICK  HENRY, 

And  winged  his  burning  breath. 
When  he  cried  out  •"  Give  me  Liberty. 

O  God  !    or  give  me  deatli !  " 
That  word  was  borne  on  banners  high  : 
For  still  our  Country's  charging  cry 
Is  "Liberty  or  death!" 

And  when  the  Patriot  Sages, 
By  the  old,  retiring  Night, 
Held  up  their  glorious  Charter 

In  the  new  and  wondrous  light, 
Thrones  shook,  and  Despots  trembled. 

As  if  their  bolts  would  sever ; 
When  came  the  stooping  Eagle, 

To  watch  that  bold  endeavor, 
Crying  aloud,  with  stirring  stress, 
"Life,  Liberty,  and  Happiness 

Are  Human  Eights  forever !  " 

She  stood  on  the  summit  of  Bunker, 

"When  the  storm  of  battle  awoke, 
And  the  shock  of  the  thundering  cannon 

From  the  cloud  of  the  onset  broke ; 
And  she  cried,  with  a  din  that  sounded 

Above  the  battle's  breath, 
"  Press  on,  ye  noble  Warriors  ! 

To  victory  or  death!" 
Then  sharply  rang  the  clashing  steel 
With  armed  hoof  and  armed  heel, 
"To  victory  or  death!" 


A  ME  E  1C  AN     LIBERTY. 


She  stooped  in  tlie  clone!  over  Yorktown, 

When  the  Foes  of  Freedom  failed, 
And  before  onr  glorious  Leader 
The  brave  COKNWALLIS  paled; 
And  she  heard,  in  the  roll  of  the  ocean. 

The  song  of  the  woodland  bowers, 
And  the  throb  of  the  rock-ribbed  mountains, 

"  Freedom  for  ns  and  ours ! " 
Then  high  her  starry  banner  swung, 
And  far  the  thrilling  chorus  rung, 

"  Freedom  for  us  and  ours  ! " 

Then  hand  in  hand  close  clasping, 

Our  conquering  Fathers  stood, 
Strong  in  the  sacred  Union 

So  sealed  with  patriot  blood; 
Deep  in  the  earth  they  planted 

A  fair  and  goodly  Tree, 
To  grow  with  the  growing  ages, 

A  shelter  for  the  Free; 
And  there,  to  watch,  and  wait,  and  rest, 
The  Eagle  came  and  made  her  nest, 

In  the  Tree  of  Liberty. 

Strong  grew  the  spreading  branches; 

The  Oppressed  of  every  Land 
Flocked  to  our  shore  by  thousands, 

In  many  a  woful  band! 
The  good  Earth  gave  her  treasures, 

And  the  lax  hands  grew  strong; 
And  minds,'  deformed  and  crippled 

In  the  long  arrear  of  Wrong, 
Came  out  of  the  deep  dark,  to  be 
Intelligent,  enlightened,  free 

From  Tyrants,  bold  and  strong. 


THE    GEN ITS    OF 


With  a  full  self-possession, 

The  conscious  Man  awoke; 
And  there  went  forth  from  his  presence 

New  power,  with  every  stroke; 
His  shining  ax,  fast  swinging, 

In  the  forest  deep  and  wide, 
Called  forth  the  latent  village, 

In  its  beauty  and  its  pride; 
And  while,  amid  the  bowering  green, 
The  school-house  and  the  church  were  seen, 
Where  woke  Life's  tuneful  tide; 

He  drove  his  piles  down  deftly 

In  the  ocean's  oozy  marge; 
And  the  sound  of  his  ringing  iron 

Woke  turret,  tower,  and  barge; 
And  there,  with  inspiring  Freedom 
To  gladden  the  classic  bower, 
We  focalize  the  ages 

O 

In  the  baptism  of  an  hour ; 
A  truer  Science  and  a  nobler  Art 
Enrich  the  mind  and  purify  the  heart, 

With  high,  immortal  power. 

No  wilder  tales  of  magic 
The  Orient  ever  knew, 
Than  concrete  all  around  us, 

Yet  tangible  and  true. 
Forth  walks  the  great  Enchantress,1* 

All-opulent  in  might, 
And  a  thousand  noble  cities 

Stand  strong  against  the  light; 
Then  weaves  she  many  million  miles 
Of  iron  road,  to  bind  their  piles 

In  union  true  and  tight. 


AMERICAN     LIBERTY. 


Her  Ariel  is  the  Lightning; 

And  around  the  Earth  she  '11  bind 
A  girdle  for  his  pathway, 

Till  his  flight  outspeeds  the  wind ; 
She  yokes  the  snorting  Steam-Steed 

To  the  ponderous  iron  car, 
And  through  the  tunneled  mountains 

He  hears  our  burdens  far; 
And  when  her  longest  trail  is  done, 
From  Sunset  to  the  Eising  Sun, 

We  '11  ride  away,  ha,  ha ! 

Fair  grew  the  Tree  of  Freedom ; 

But  a  deadly  Serpent0  lay 
Around  the  root,  close  coiling, 

And  the  Weak  he  made  his  prey. 
His  poisonous  breath  infected 

With  its  venom  all  the  air, 
Till  its  vaporous  folds  hung  heavily 

Around  the  noxious  lair; 
And,  like  some  fell  narcotic  flower, 
It  bound  the  Eagle  with  its  power, 

The  while  she  nestled  there. 

Thus,  side  by  side  with  Freedom, 

An  arrant  Slave-Power  grew; 
But  its  strength,  its  wrong,  its  danger, 

We  never  saw  or  knew. 
It  cracked  its  cutting  scourges, 

Defiant,  daring,  bold; 
And  at  its  simple  history 

All  human  blood  runs  cold : 
The  weeping  friends  asunder  led, 
The  husband's  violated  bed, 

Are  stories  true  and  old. 


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_x 

THE     GENIUS     OF 


Hard  grew  the  grasping  Slave-Power, 

Pushing  to  outposts d  far, 
Beyond  all  former  limits, 

Its  Juggernautic  car. 
The  godly  Gospel6  blessed  it, 

With  a  bold,  emphatic  "  Vive  !  ? 
And  Law  the  golden  sceptre f 

Held  out,  and  bade  it  live. 
Thus  honored,  in  its  high  estate 
The  blinded  Power  defied  its  fate. 

Forever  crying,  "  Give  l"s 

It  made  its  own  vile  statutes11 

To  suit  its  own  vile  ends; 
And  learned  Judge,  and  pious  Priest, 

Stood  fast  among  its  friends. 
Profaned  and  helpless  Woman 

.  Before  its. presence  fell; 
And  high  and  holy  "Virtue" 

Beheld,  and  said  't  was  well — 
(For  who  might  hope  or  dare  to  save? 
The  Master  owns  his  chattel-slave) — 
And  thus  struck'  hands  with  Hell. 

Though  strong  and  bright  as  Lucifer, 

J.^-mighty  it  would  stand; 
And,  like  him,  it  wrought  sedition, 

With  suicidal  hand. 
The  chain,  with  deep  corroding, 

Though  dumb  and  dark  so  long, 
At  length  reached  human  bosoms 

With  its  magnetism  strong : 
The  mother's  shriek,  the  virgin's  prayer, 
The  dark  dethroned  Man's  despair, 

Found  voice  to  speak  their  wrong! 


AMERICAN    LIBERTY 


The  ground  grew  rank  beneath  it, 
And  the  crimson  cry  was  heard; 
For  one  true  heart  with  sympathy 

Unto  its  depths  was  stirred : 
The  good  and  brave  young  LuNDY,1 

With  his  simple  scrip  in  hand, 
Went  forth,  to  print  on  paper 

THE  Sin  of  this  great  Land. 
Alone,  unaided,  thus  he  hurled 
The  Truth  upon  a  lying  World — 

Challenged,  and  bade  it  stand. 

With  pinion  low  and  drooping, 

Our  outcast  Eagle  fled; 
For  she,  like  other  Traitors, 

Had  a  price  upon  her  head; 
But  when  she  saw  that  Pilgrim,k 

So  fed  with  heavenly  light, 
As,  weary  and  heavy-laden, 

He  journeyed  through  the  night, 
She  soared  aloft,  with  daring  wing, 
And  woke  the  Hosts  of  Heaven,  to  sing 

Her  glory  and  her  might. 

There  came  forth  then,  from  Bennington, 

The  youth  we  needed  most, 
And  power  enough  within  him 

To  GARRISON  a  host ; . 
And  the  stooping  Eagle  knew  him, 

As  she  looked  into  his  eye, 
And  felt  a  power  within  it 

Prepared  to  "do  or  die." 
And  when  all  night  alone1  he  wrought 
To  clothe  with  form  his  fiery  Thought, 

The  bird  of  Jove  was  nigh. 


ft 


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r 


The  BFELEIGHS  woke,  and  WHITTIEE. 

And  BEYANT,  brave  and  strong, 
And  winged  with  indignation 

Speech,  paragraph,  and  song. 
Good  GEEEITT  SMITH  and  LOVEJOY, 

KOGEES  and  CASSITJS  CLAY, 
The  eloquent  young  SUMNEE, 

With  GIDDINGS  came,  and  MAY; 
Ancl  out  from  every  thunderous  stroke 
On  giant  Wrong,  new  light  awoke, 

That  opened  a  new  day. 

The  GEIMKES,  Slavery's  nurselings,"1 

Came,  first  among  the  Free; 
And  the  noble  PHILO-THEA* 
Stood  strong  for  Liberty; 
The  beautiful  young  CHAPMANS, 

And  the  musical  SOPHIA,° 
Were  firm  amid  the  conflict, 

Braving  the  fiercest  fire; 
While  WENDELL  PHILLIPS,  eloquent, 
A  tide  of  strength  and  courage  sent 

To  sufferers  dark  and  dire. 

The  brave  old  Poet,  PIEEPONT,P 

Whose  fame  resounds  afar, 
Made  the  Slaveholder  some  stanzas 
For  the  meddlesome  North  Star. 
Amid  the  world's  corruption 

He  stood  immaculate ; 
And  the  HIJTCHINSONS,  sweet  singers q 

Srom  "the  Old  Granite  State," 
The  first  fruits  of  their  genius  gave, 
To  help  the  poor  despairing  slave, 

Invoking  happier  fate. 


AMERICAN    LIBERTY 


And  Afric's  sons  and  daughters 

Among  the  foremost  show, 
That  they  who  strike  for  Freedom 

"  THEMSELVES  MUST  GIVE  THE  BLOW." 
And  they  have  done  it  bravely; 

E"o  people  on  the  Earth, 
'Mid  conflicts  so  terrific, 

Have  brought  such  power  to  birth; 
And  many  a  grand  and  glorious  name 
Sheds  on  the  Race  the  immortal  fame 
Of  intellect  and  worth. 


L'ISLET,  AMO,  and  CAPETEiN,r 

Are  names  that  e'er  will  stand 
Among  great  Men  of  Learning, 

The  elite  of  every  land ; 
ToussAiNT,3  the  black  Napoleon, 
Rivaled  that  son  of  Mars; 
And  the  dark-browed  Herschel,  BANNEKER,* 

"Who  walked  among  the  stars, 
Lives  with  imperishable  names, 
Whose  glorious,  constellated  fames 
Shine  high  above  the  stars. 

Poor  PLACEDE,  the  young  Cuban,u 

Felt  with  a  poet's  soul, 
Till  his  burden  grew  too  heavy; 

Spurning  the  base  control, 
He  boldly  struck  for  Freedom; 

But  ah!  it  was  in  vain: 
With  his  beauty  and  his  genius, 

He  perished  in  his  chain!        . 
Chanting,  as  unto  death  he  went, 
With  heavenward  eye,  and  form  unbent, 

A  sweet,  seraphic  strain.v 


THE     GENIUS    OF 


The  Orator,  black  GARNET,  w 

With  a  genuine  genius  shines ; 
And  WILLIAMS,  CRUMMEL,  PENNINGTON, 

Are  eloquent  divines; 
All  these,  with  BROWN,  the  scholar, 

Came  out  from  Slavery  grim; 
And  yet  their  brows  wear  lustre 

That  whiter  crowns  may  dim. 
No  marvel  that  his  people  boast 
Of  DOUGLASS,  in  himself  a  host, 

And  cry  out,  "Who  floors  him?" 

The  Slave-Power  clutched  its  manacles, 

And  drove  the  rivets  in, 
Swearing  to  make  more  damnable 

Its  foul  and  fiery  sin. 
It  mobbed  and  murdered  LOVEJOY,X 
And  made  his  press  a  wreck; 
Through  Boston  dragged  out  GARRISON, 

With  a  halter  round  his  neck. 
Unchecked,  unchallenged,  it  came  forth, 
And  then  went  tramping  through  the  North, 
Bidding  us  mind  its  beck. 

It  basely  struck  down  SUMNER, 

With  murderous  intent, 
And  silenced  in  our  Congress 
The  "old  man  eloquent." y 
It  burned  down  halls  of  Learning, 

Broke  up  and  scattered  schools ; 
And  the  brave  young  PRUDENCE  GRAND  ALL" 

It  made  the  prey  of  fools, 
Who,  blest  themselves  with  liberty, 
Were  so  debased,  that  they  could  be 

The  Slaver's  slavish  tools! 


AMERICAN    LIBERTY. 


Armed  with  flint,  and  shod  with  iron, 

Forth  it  trampled  in  its  pride, 
Spreading  death  and  desolation 

Through  our  borders,  far  and  wide, 
Doing  deeds  whose  bare  rehearsal 

Seems  the  savag'est  of  tales. 
Still  more  bold  and  overbearing, 

It  attacked  and  robbed  our  mails, 
All  faith  and  public  honor  spurning! 
Behold  our  private  letters  burning, 

Lit  by  infernal  gales! 

With  their  cotton,  and  their  sugar, 

For  a  mote  in  either  eye, 
No  wonder  an  unwelcome  truth 

Sholild,  sometimes,  show  awry; 
And  that  engrossing  color, 

Which  we  have  known  as  White, 
Should,  looking  from  between  them, 

Make  Wrong  seem  fair  as  Eight- 
Its  high  prerogative  a  deadly  ban, 
Poor  human  beings  to  unsex,  unman, 
And  plunge  in  endless  night. 

The  patronizing  Slave-Power 
Fondled  a  currish  Law;aa 
And  the  animal,  obedient, 

Made  haste,  and  "gave  its  paw" 
It  turned  us  all  to  blood-hounds, 

And  led  us  in  its  chains, 
To  hjmt  the  flying  fugitive 

Over  our  own  free  plains; 
And  all  the  powers  of  Church  and  State bl) 
Made  its  decrees  as  fixed  as  fate, 

And  licked  its  bloody  chains ! 


^^^^^^^ 

"is 


The  Land  of  our  Pilgrim  Fathers 

Became  one  vast  SLAVE-PEN; 
And  the  Hills  of  our  free  IsTew  England 

A  HUNTING-GROUND  FOB  MEN; 
For  we  were  bought  with  money, 

Though  our  chain  we  could  not  see; 
And  we  caught  the  Slave,  not  only, 

But   WE   TRAFFICKED   IN   THE   FREE  !  cc 

Yes,  we  were  a  guerrilla  band, 
When,  from  the  Slaver's  bloody  hand, 
"VVe  took  the  bloody  fee. 

The  famished  and  the  foot-sore 

Our  mercy  sought  in  vain, 
Till  mothers  slew  their  children,dd 

To  save  them  from  the  chain! 
Through  old,  time-honored  King  Street 

We  dragged  the  preacher,  BURNS  ;ee 
Yes,  o'er. the  very  pavement 

Which  the  blood  of  ATTUCKS  urns ! f  f 
Not  unto  death,  for  that  were  kind; 
But  the  deep  dark  of  heart  and  mind. 
Where  no  sweet  day-star  burns. 

With  more  than  Spartan  courage, 

Came  forth  JOHN  BBOWN,  the  brave, 
And  the  first  blow  struck  for  Freedom — 

The  freedom  of  the  Slave ! 
And  the  Slaver  swaggered  hugely, 

And  swore  it  in  his  song, 
That  HE  should  die  for  Treason — 

Yes,  TREASON  A&AINST  WRONG! 
But  hosts  of  angels  round  him  hung, 
Shouting  aloud,  as  off  he  swung : 

"  Good  heart !  great  heart !  be  strong ! " 


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He  sleeps  in  his  mountain  fastness, 

Where  the  blue-bird  earliest  sings, 
And  the  towering  Pines  make  music. 

Like  the  swoop  of  an  eagle's  wings; 
And  there  shall  the  Friends  of  Freedom 

Gather,  with  reverent  tread, 
To  look  on  the  earth  that  shelters 

So  blandly  the  brave  old  head; 
While  the  free  wind  goes  sweeping  by, 
And  pillared  wood,  and  arching  sky, 

Entomb  the  glorious  dead. 

But  the  North,  though  so  long  hooded, 

Could  NOT  be  made  a  slave; 
For  a  sterling  heart  was  in  it, 

And  it  came  out  true  and  brave. 
The  sugar,  and  the  cotton-bags, 

Like  cobwebs  dropped  away, 
And  on  the  People's  naked  eyes 

Fell  Truth's  most  potent  ray; 
Quickened  and  warm,  it  woke,  to  shine 
Forth  from  the  soul,  with  light  divine — 

Life  of  the  fair  new  day ! 

Like  the  young  god  in  his  cradle,sg 

By  serpent  foes  entwined, 
Came  forth,  unto  our  rescue, 

The  FREE,  ENLIGHTENED  MIND; 
It  grasped  the  subtle  clasper, 

And  broke  his  sinuous  tie; 
Writhing,  with  savage  impotence, 

He  gave  himself  the  lie : 
The  Coward  COURAGE  seemed  to  show!hh 
The  "MUDSILL"  might  not  ~be  so  low! 

But  blenched  that  cruel  eye! 


ft 


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Til  K     GENIUS     OK 


The  North  awoke  so  grandly, 

And  knew  her  strength  once  more, 
Fired  with  the  quenchless  freedom 

She  had  inhaled  of  yore ; 
Though  mystified  by  Leaders, 

A  slavish,  selfish  band, 
There  yet  was  conscience  in  her  heart, 

And  sinew  in  her  hand; 
From  her  long  lethargy  she  woke; 
And,  with  ten  thousand  voices,  spoke 

Our  glorious  Native  Land. 

And  the  MAN  for  this  great  conflict 

Was  living;  and  he  stood 
Beside  his  father's  cabin 

In  the  opening  of  a  wood ; 
So  small  the  corn-clad  clearing, 

It  seemed  all  hid  away, 
Like  an  island,  'mid  the  ocean 

Of  deep  green  that  round  it  lay. 
The  Eagle  came  and  watched  the  boy 
With  a  far-seeing,  prescient  joy, 
As  he  went  forth  day  by  day. 

To  wider  paths  she  led  him, 
And  higher  lessons  taught; 
And  she  opened  for  him  volumes 

Of  deep,  unwritten  thought. 
The  Stars  looked  down  and  blessed  him, 

As  he  boated  by  the  shore, 
While  the  solemn  cypress  shadows 

Fell  round,  and  stretched  before; 
With  muscle  strong,  and  spirit  free, 
Thus  grew  the  MAN  OF  DESTINY, 

As  men  grew  up  of  yore. 


AMERICAN     LIBERTY. 


He  came  forth  for  an  Era, 

That  made  the  Ages  wait; 
And  he  was  duly  chosen — 

For    HIS    VICTORY   WAS   FATE, 

Before  him  was  a  purpose 

Unto  his  heart  most  dear — 

'Tween  Scylla  and  Charybdis11 
The  Ship  of  State  to  steer. 

He  never  seemed  to  heed  or  know 

The  praise  or  blame  of  friend  or  foe, 
But  kept  his  canvas  clear. 

The  Nations  old,  King-ridden, 

As  they  watched  the  clouded  star 
That  crowned  our  boasted  Freedom, 

Laughed  bitterly,  "Aha!" 
And  they  told  the  slaves  around  them, 

Whene'er  our  flag  unfurled, 
That  ours,  like  all  Republics, 

Into  ruin  should  be  hurled ; 
And  as  they  answered  from  afar, 
The  hissing  sneer,  the  bold  "Aha!" 
Went  ringing  round  the  world, 

Sneer  on,  ye  owl-eyed  prophets! 

Nor  seek,  as  yet,  to  know 
The  deep  and  deadly  ruin 

That  quickens  now  below 
All  rule — all  power  engrossing — 

However  high  or  strong, 
That  fixes  its  foundations 

On  the  rotten  base  of  WRONG  ! 
Round  RIGHT'S  eternal  center  stand 
The  Nations  true,  a  deathless  band, 
As  peopled  ages  throng! 


17 


THE    GENIUS    OF 


Out  from  the  blossoming  forest, 

When  the  opening  year  was  young, 
Came  forth  our  glorious  Eagle, 

And  high  in  the  air  she  hung, 
Her  keen  eye  piercing  Southward, 

And  her  talons  striking,  strong, 
Into  our  lifting  banner, 

That  woke  the  wondering  throng: 
"  Ho  !  dastards !  tarry  not,  nor  lag ! 
Give  to  the  winds  our  brave  old  Flag, 

That  hath  lain  idle  long!" 

On  the  verge  of  the  far  horizon 

A  threatening  cloud  uploomed ; 
From  the  time-worn  towers  of  Sumter 

The  cry  of  "  Treason ! "  boomed ! 
Old  Hudson,  through  his  Highlands, 

Bore  back  the  sound  afar; 
And,  leaping  from  her  parapet, 
Niagara  thundered  "War!" 
Erie  to  Narragansett  spoke; 
And  laughing  Minnehaha  woke, 
With  one  wild  cry  of  "War!" 

Away  on  the  wing  of  the  Lightning, 

And  over  the  vocal  wire, 
Went  the  weird  Herald  westward, 

Wrapped  in  a  robe  of  fire! 
The  Golden  Gate  swung  open, 
With  action  true  and  bold, 
As  California  answered 

With  men,  and  arms,  and  gold; 
And  still  the  rallying  cry  rolled  on; 
Nevada  heard,  and  Oregon: 

"  Ho !  freedom  for  our  gold !  " 


18 


AMERICAN     LIBERTY. 


Over  the  western  Prairies, 

And  over  the  woods  of  Maine, 
Went  forth  our  wide- winged  Eagle; 

Nor  was  her  flight  in  vain: 
"  Out  from  the  loom  and  spindle ! 

Up  from  the  lathe  and  wheel! 
Leave  the  plowshare  in  the  furrow, 

And  plant  your  ground  with  steel!" 
Then  the  young  Kansas,  listening,  cried, 
And  hoarse  old  Plymouth  quick  replied, 

"  Yes ;  plant  your  ground  with  steel ! " 

She  stood  by  the  marbled  Hero, 

When  the  damning  deed  was  done,kk 
And  the  Friends  of  Right  were  gathered 

In  the  shadow  of  Washington ; 
And  she  heard  the  serried  City 

To  the  distant  Cities  call: 
"  Up,  with  your  mailed  millions ! 

Up,  for  the  Union,  all ! " 
Then  rolled  along  the  distant  sky 
A  pealing,  pealing,  pealing  cry : 

"  For  Union  stand  or  fall ! " 

They  came  with  the  tread  of  an  earthquake 

The  ground  beneath  them  shook; 
And  the  loyal  thought,  and  the  loyal  word. 

To  their  heart  of  hearts  they  took ! 
Then  who  shall  stand  before  them, 
Or  break  their  God-armed  van, 
As  they  go  forth  but  to  conquer, 

For  Freedom  and  for  Man? 
Then  lift  our  time-worn  banner  high, 
And  wake  our  ancient  battle-cry: 
"For  Freedom  and  for  Man!" 


y 


19 


THE    GENIUS    OF 


Press  on,  heroic  Champions! 

Bear  down  the  traitor  band, 
For  home,  for  wives  and  children, 

Freedom  and  Native  Land  I 
Keep  every  soldier's  honor, 

As  gleaming  saber,  bright, 
And  cut  each  clanking  fetter 

With  the  tempered  blade  of  Eight ! 
On,  with  stout  heart  and  straining  breath, 
To  freedom,  victory,  or  death! 

Charge  home !  charge  heavy !  charge ! 

Crowned  with  the  golden  glory 

That  lit  the  dying  day, 
The  gallant  ship  weighed  anchor 

That  bore  our  brave  away; 
Like  the  silence  that  heralds  earthquakes, 
Was  the  stillness  that  bound  us  all; 
For,  dumb  and  benumbed  with  aching, 

Our  hearts  were  held  in  thrall; 
Then  from  the  bannered  vessel  came 
A  shout,  clothed  with  a  breath  of  flame : 
"  Our  country ! — stand  or  fall ! " 

And  a  thrilling  cry  made  answer, 

That  echoed  along  the  bay, 
As  the  laden  ship  moved  seaward, 

With  the  hosts  she  bore  away; 
Long  may  the  listening  Ages 

Wait  such  another  knell — n 
So  helpless  in  its  wailing — 

So  glorious  in  its  swell ! 
But  one  wild  word  from  ship  and  shore — 
The  last  of  friends  to  meet  no  more — 

"Farewell!  farewell!  farewell!" 


Out  on  the  bannered  sunset, 

Tinged  with  its  heavenly  hues, 
Above  the  ship  high  soaring, 

The  Eagle  swift  pursues ; 
And  thus  o'er  the  hosts  heroic 

She  hovered  while  they  slept, 
As  away  to  the  Land  of  Southrons 
Their  tireless  course  they  kept; 
And  there  she  decked  with  laurels  brave 

Full  many  a  dark  and  nameless  grave, 
Where  dews  of  Heaven  wept! 

O,  never  wore  the  Ages 

Such  high,  heroic  mood; 
For  Giant  battled  Giant, 
Titan  to  Titan  stood! 
It  seemed  some  strange  enchantment 

Of  fabled  Heroes'  power, 
That  made  the  brave  Americans111111 

"Worthy  their  noble  dower: 
Such  History  no  pen  records, 
Such  Eulogy  no  hero  lauds, 

As  opened  every  hour. 

Our  men,  thank  God!  were  champions 

Of  Right's  eternal  laws; 
No  tongue  may  tell  their  sufferings 

For  Freedom's  holy  cause, 
In  the  prisons  dank  and  noisome, 

Or  fired  with  scorching  light, 
The  bitter  thirst  and  hunger, 

Long  day,  and  hideous  night; 
Snatched  from  a  hard  and  hating  Foe, 
Happy  were  they  whom  Death  laid  low 

Upon  their  armor  bright! 


r 
I 


Still  our  eyes  overflow  with  weeping, 

As  we  think  upon  the  brave, 
Who  have  poured  their  precious  life-blood 

Our  own  dear  Land  to  save ! 
Mourn  for  the  brave  young  ELLSWORTH! 

To  his  laureled  grave  we  bore  him  ! 
He  sleeps  on  his  native  hill-side, 

With  the  old  Flag  waving  o'er  him  : 
Long  as  we  cherish  virtue— truth — 
Or  love  our  patriotic  youth, 

O,  we  shall  ne'er  ignore  him ! 

Miles  away  the  cannon  thundered — 

Miles  away  the  volleys  blazed — 
As  the  long  lines  of  our  army 

The  Flag  of  Union  raised ; 
Leagues  in  length — all  winding,  sweeping 

Through  the  field  and  by  the  wood. 
Further  than  the  eye  could  fathom — 

One  vast  wall  of  brave  men  stood : 
Behind,  their  camp-fires  smouldering  lay, 
Where,  in  the  soft  declining  day, 

The  deep  death-shadows  brood. 

What  could  they  do  but  conquer, 

With  such  a  force  outspread? 
His  bold  and  dashing  Irish  boys 

The  brave  young  MEAGHER  led; 
With  a  wild  shout  rushing  forward, 

And  plumage  streaming  gay, 
The  invincible  Khode  Island  men 

Dashed  in  the  hottest  fray; 
And  where  such  spirits  lead  the  van 
As  PORTER,  SPRAGUE,  and  HEINTZELMAN, 

O,  we  must  win  the  day! 


Wrapped  in  the  fire  of  battle, 

'Mid  boom  and  blaze  they  go, 
Where  hide  the  hovering  vapors 

The  crimson  floods  below! 
On,  till  the  mounting  mid-day, 

We  have  borne  back  the  Foe, 
While  Death's  pale  harvest  thickens 

In  the  heavy  swath  below ! 
But  a  fresh  legion  bars  our  way! 
We  faint!  we  fail!  we  lose  the  day! 
Woe  for  our  promise!  woe! 

A  death-defying  courage 

Lit  the  young  SPRAGUE'S  clear  eye: 
"  Come  on,  my  brave  Rhode  Island  boys ! 

We  conquer  or  we  die ! " 
He  vainly  strove  the  panic 

Of  our  .flying  men  to  quell, 
Till  twice  a  noble  courser 

In  the  fierce  onset  fell; 
Then  slowly,  sadly  turned  away 
From  the  red  field  where  SLOPUM  lay — 

A  blazing,  bleeding  Hell ! 

Behind  lay  the  roaring  River, 

With  the  yelling  Foe  before, 
When  gained  the  gallant  BAKER 

That  bold,  defiant  shore; 
And  he,  with  his  hosts  intrepid, 

Stood  still,  and  met  the  shock. 
With  hard,  unmoved,  flint  faces, 
As  they  were  born  of  Rock ; 
Then  blazed  abroad  their  latent  ire, 
In  one  wild  stream  of  battle-fire — 
The  Spirit  of  the  Rock ! 


For  hours  the  god-like  heroes 

Held  back  the  furious  hosts, 
Strewing  the  earth  with  bodies, 

Filling  the  air  with  ghosts ; 
And  still,  above  the  tumult, 

Rang  BAKER'S  charging  cry: 
"Forward,  my  Californians ! 

Let  the  poor  coward  fly! 
Into  the  thickest — hottest — come 
And  for  the  homes  we  love  strike  home! 

Who  shall  dare  say  die?" 


No  coward  voice  cried  "Quarter!" 

No  white  flag  floated  by; 
But  high,  heroic  madness 

Illumined  every  eye! 
Firm  stood  our  brave  Leonidas 

Amid  his  Spartan  band, 
Still  shouting — charging — cheering : 

"Freedom  and  Native  Land!" 
And  never  struck  for  Liberty, 
Upon  the  old  Thermopylae, 

A  braver  Spartan  band! 

The  gallant  crest  of  BAKER 

A  proud  defiance  wore; 
But,  the  mark  of  many  a  foeman, 

He  fell,  to  rise  no  more! 
That  noble  brow  lies  lowly 

Upon  the  crimson  mold; 
Hushed  is  the  voice  all-eloquent; 

The  generous  heart  is  cold! 
But,  winged  with  eehoes,  rich  and  clear, 
That  matchless  voice  we  still  shall  hear, 

Through  ages  yet  untold. 


ii,--,^^^ 


AMERICAN     LIBERTY. 


Slack  hung  the  shroud  of  midnight, 

The  woods  and  waters  o'er, 
As  five  dark  forms  crept  slowly 

By  the  old  Ohio  shore. 
The  weird  Winds,  shrieking  wildly, 

The  leafless  tree-tops  tore, 
While  the  roll  of  the  rapid  River 
Went  up  with  a  sullen  roar. 
But  hark!   above  the  sleet  and  rain 
The  iron  tempest  wakes  amain ! 
Torpedoes  burst  before! 

banci  i^icy 

Near  and  nearer  crept  the  gunboats, 
Wrapped  at  first  in  friendly  haze! 
Nearer,  till  exploding  cannon 

Set  the  sulphurous  air  ablaze ! 
Pointed  well,  and  manned  so  bravely, 

Every  gun  made  sure  its  hold, 
Till  the  fell  response  was  slackened 

By  our  cannonaders  bold. 
"Another  gun  is  thrown* at  large! 
Cheerly,  my  brave  men!  cheerly  charge! 

The  fiery  shroud  unfold!" 

Thus  stood,  with  shout  and  cheering, 

A  youth,  all  fair  and  brave, 
When  from  the  sea  of  Battle 
Rolled  forth  an  iron  wave! 
With  deeds  of  death  on-sweeping, 

It  shot  across  our  ken; 
And  the  beautiful  Boy  BEiTTANnn 

May  never  rise  again ! 
For  on  his  country's  altar,  rife 
With  crimson  gifts,  his  fair  young  life 

Was  made  an  offering  then ! 


^ 


Jk 


THE     GENIUS     OF 


( 


Is  this  the  blue-eyed  baby 

I  've  dandled  on  my  knee, 
Crushed  in  this  frightful  carnage, 

So  horrible  to  see? 
A  fountain  of  manly  courage 

Lay  deep  in  his  tender  breast, 
And  his  flaxen  locks  were  folded 

With  a  hero's  shining  crest ! 
He  passed  away,  as  he  gave,  the  while, 
A  ringing  cheer  and  a  loving  smile, 

To  gild  his  fair  Southwest ! 

On  the  blood-field  of  Chantilly 

Our  gallant  STEVENS  fell, 
His  death-cold  fingers  clasping 
The  Flag  he  loved  so  well! 
Shrouded  by  the  sheeted  lightning, 

On  the  same  ground  KEAENY  lay, 
While  a  strange  knell  the  solemn  thunder 

Pealed  over  their  cold  clay! 
The  storm  above — the  storm  below — 
Witli  one  terrific  interflow, 

Together  rolled  away ! 

Came  forth  the  noble  SEDGWICK, 

And  BAYARD  left  his  bride, 
To  serve  their  suffering  country, 

Whatever  might  betide; 
McPnERsoN,  WALLACE,  WADSWORTH, 

Fell,  challenging  the  Foe, 
While  SUMNER,  LANDER,  LYON, 

In  Death's  red  ranks  lay  low — 
All  great  and  glorious,  starry  names, 
Lit  with  the  high,  the  immortal  fames 

That  were  not  born  to  die! 


AMERICAN     LIBERTY. 


1 


f 


Nor  from  the  roll  of  heroes 

Can  we  with  honor  go, 
Without  a  passing  tribute 
•  To  the  brave  young  CHARLIE  SNOW!°° 
With  a  heart  broad  as  his  country, 

And  a  mind  as  deep  and  high 
As  the  arch  that  first  bent  o'er  him 

In  his  native  Kockland  sky; 
We  read  but  rarely  such  a  name, 
So  lustrous  in  its  early  fame, 

And  aspiration  high. 

With  a  will  to  do  brave  service, 
He  went  forth  from  the  band 
Of  home-loves,  nerved  to  suffer 

For  his  struggling,  suffering  Land. 
Like  a  young  god — glad  and  glorious — 

He  stood,  in  that  parting  dire, 
With  his  eagle  eye  uplighted 

With  patriotic  fire ! 
But  from  the  old,  familiar  door 
He  went  away,  and  came  no  more: 

Yet  still  his  word  is,  "HIGHER!" 

And  men  of  Light  and  Learning 

Amid  our  forces  fell: 
MITCHELL,  and  WILKES;  and  WINTHROP, 

Leave  names  to  cherish  well 
And  praise,  with  heads  uncovered, 

With  reverent,  loving  thought 
Of  all  the  immortal  beauty 

That  with  their  lives  was  wrought; 
Their  presence  from  us  ne'er  departs; 
We  take  unto  our  heart  of  hearts 

The  lessons  which  they  taught. 


THE     GENIUS    OF 


But  the  space  of  ponderous  volumes, 

Filling,  swelling,  flying  fast, 
Teeming  with  a  thousand  Epics, 

Would  require  a  theme  so  vast. 
Every  man  becomes  a  hero, 

When  for  Liberty  he  draws; 
And  our  Foes  had  skill  and  courage 

Worthy  of  a  better  cause: 
They  yet  shall  give,  with  heart  and  hand, 
Their  strength  unto  our  common  Land, 
And  aid  our  common  cause. 

On  your  brows,  heroic  WOMEN! 
We  the  crown  of  virtue  set; 
At  the  Hospital  or  Fireside, 

Bravely  still  your  work  ye  met. 
Who  can  know  its  strength — its  pureness? 

Who  can  measure  all  its  power, 
Save  the  Suffering  ye  have  cherished 

In  the  agonizing  hour? 
Weave  and  wear  your  crowns  immortal, 
And,  in  passing  Death's  dark  portal, 

Claim  your  glorious  dower! 

Shall  our  hard-handed  Freedom, 

With  its  all-grasping  Toil, 
Drive  from  beyond  our  borders 

The  Princes  of  the  Soil? 
Room  for  the  hapless  Indian 

To  flourish  by  our  side, 
And  reach  the  grand  proportions 

His  fate  has  yet  denied! 
Cherish — unfold  the  Forest  Braves, 
The  while  an  Equal  Freedom  waves 

O'er  all  our  country  wide! 


28 


f 


Now  our  weeping  hearts  are  joyful, 

Thinking  sweetly  of  the  Brave 
Who  have  poured  their  precious  life-blood, 

Our  bleeding  Land  to  save. 
Now  in  hosts  they  gather  round  us ! 

Say  not,  then,  that  they  are  dead ; 
For  they  walk  on  the  wider  pathway 

From  Earth  to  Heaven  outspread: 
And  thus  come  forth  the  brave  Immortals, 
With  light  illuming  Death's  dart  portals 

Around  each  starry  head! 

The  Eagle  led  our  armies  forward, 
As  they  crowded  rear  and  van ; 
And  never  more  heroic  hosts 
Honored  the  name  of  Man. 
The  clash  of  their  glittering  weapons 

Struck  out  new  sparks  of  light, 
That  warmed  the  waking  Nation 
With  a  truer  sense  of  Right; 
Then  soared  the  Eagle,  far  and  high, 
Pouring  her  bugle  through  the  sky 
For  Honor  and  for  Right! 

She  looked  through  the  eye  of  LINCOLN, 

When  the  glorious  word  he  gave 
That  woke  the  dumb  and  dreaming  Man 

In  the  bosom  of  the  Slave : 
"  Snap  off  the  soul's  deep  rivet ! 

The  fetters  fast  unbind  ! " 
Then  the  Four  Winds  sang  together, 

"Freedom  for  ALL  MANKIND!" 
From  shore  to  shore — from  main  to  main- 
Swept  on  the  world-awaking  strain : 

"FREEDOM  FOR  ALL  MANKIND!" 


•< 


% 


The  inmost  heavens  burst  open 

With  Freedom's  quenchless  fires, 
As  the  multitude  of  Angels 

Smote  their  responsive  lyres: 
"  The  human  step  is  forward ; 

Hand,  heart,  and  soul  are  free ! 
Lead  on  the  happy  Ages 

To  higher  Liberty!" 
Through  worlds  remote  the  chorus  rang. 
And  Heavens  and  Earths  together  sang, 

"  To  higher  Liberty ! " 

But  when  our  martyred  Chieftain 

.On  his  bloody  bier  was  borne, 

The  World  wept,  and  the  Nations 

Came  forth,  like  friends,  to  mourn ; 
Then  the  stooping  Eagle  softly, 

With  her  folding  plumage,  crept 
Close  to  the  faithful  bosom, 

And  there  her  vigils  kept; 
And  thus — his  bright,  immortal  bays 
Illumed  by  Love's  divinest  rays — 

A  People's  Savior  slept.PP 

Up  rose  our  glorious  Eagle, 
With  victory  on  her  crest, 
And  the  Starry  Banner  flowing 

Around  her  pure,  white  breast ; 
And  she  shall  still  soar  upward, 

Her  broad  wing  hovering  o'er 
One  BROTHERHOOD  or  NATIONS 

To  Earth's  remotest  shore! 
Her  strength  still  grasping  truer  Right, 
Her  deep  eye  shedding  purer  light, 

Forever,  ever  more! 


NOTES. 


f 
I 


NOTE  a.— The  burning  of  His  Majesty's  schooner  Gaspee,  by  a  company  of  citi- 
zens from  Providence,  R.  I.,  June  8, 1772,  was  a  bold  and  daring  measure  ;  and  in 
the  wounding  of  Lieutenant  Duddington,  her  commander,  was  spilt  the  first  blood 
of  the  Revolution. 

b. — Freedom  is  the  great  wonder-worker  of  the  world. 

c. — The  Serpent,  which  signifies  wisdom,  is,  allegorically,  always  a  male ;  but 
there  is  a  special  propriety  in  making  our  Eagle  of  the  opposite  sex,  as  the  female 
of  that  race  is  much  the  largest  and  noblest  bird. 

d.— See  History  of  Repeal  of  the  Missouri  Compromise,  and  all  the  consequent 
aggressions. 

e. — The  Church,  as  a  general  thing,  everywhere  sustained  and  represented  the 
Slave  Power. 

f. — In  the  famous  Dred  Scott  case,  there  were  only  two  dissenting  voices,  to  a 
decision  that  swept  away  the  last  hope  of  the  Slave,  and  disfranchised  forever  all 
persons  haying  any  African  blood  in  their  veins.  These  were  Chief  Justice  Mc- 
Lean of  Ohio,  and  Judge  Curtis  of  Massachusetts ;  and  they  had  to  inform  the 
Court  that  the  Slave  is  not  a  mere  chattel,  but  a  MAN  with  a  LIVING  SOUL. 

g.— The  "Daughter  of  the  Horse-leech."    See  Prov.,  30  ch.  15  v. 

h. — See  the  Local  Laws  of  the  South,  which  were  made  national  In  the  Fugitive 
Slave  Bill. 

i  and  k. — To  Benjamin  Lundy  belongs  the  immortal  honor  of  having  opened, 
alone  and  unaided,  the  second  great  campaign  against  Slavery.  He  commenced 
the  publication  of  the  Genius  of  Universal  Emancipation  with  only  six  subscribers. 
He  was  without  materials,  ignorant  of  printing,  and  obliged  to  have  his  work 
done  twenty  miles  from  home.  This  journey  he  frequently  made  on  foot,  return- 
ing with  his  edition  on  his  back. 

1.— Garrison,  like  Lundy,  after  having  done  his  day's  work  as  a  journeyman 
printer,  had  to  work  for  his  own  paper  late  into  the  night. 

.m.— Sarah  and  Angelina,  daughters  of  Judge  Grimke,  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  libe- 
rated their  slaves,  came  North,  and  were  distinguished  leaders  in  the  first  out- 
break of  Anti-Slavery.  Sarah,  in  her  "  Appeal  to  American  Women,"  says  :  "  I 
was  nursed  in  the  lap  and  dandled  on  the  knees  of  Slavery." 

n,— Mrs.  L.  Maria  Child,  who  for  a  long  time  was  almost  the  only  popular 
writer  that  dared  so  much  as  question  the  Slave  Power. 

o.— Mrs.  Little,  of  Newport,  a  sweet  writer  and  devoted  friend  of  the  Slave. 

p.—1'  The  Slaveholders'  Address  to  the  North  Star,"  by  Pierpont,  has  the  richest 
and  sweetest  hunjor  of  any  satire  ever  written. 

q.— The  Hutchinson  Family  were  well  known  as  devoted  Abolitionists.  Having 
obtained  permission  of  the  Secretary  of  War  to  visit  the  camp  across  the  Potomac, 
to  cheer  the  poor  soldiers  with  their  sweet  songs,  they  did  so  with  great  apparent 
comfort  and  good-will.  But  something  like  anti-slavery  caught  the  ear  of  an 
officer,  and  the  pass  was  revoked.  This  little  incident  gives  about  the  true  meas- 
ure of  American  Liberty  recognized  so  late  as  1861,  at  least  by  the  dominant 
classes. 

r.— Geoffrey  L'Islet,  Anthony  William  Amo,  and  J.  E.  J.  Capetein,  the  first  a 
Mulatto,  and  the  two  last  Negroes  from  Africa,  were  men  of  comprehensive  minds, 
and  VEKY  GREAT  LEARNING.  "  Geoffrey  L'Islet  was  a  Mulatto  and  an  officer  in  the 
Russian  Artillery.  His  meteorological  observations  were  so  highly  esteemed  that 
he  was  made  a  corresponding  member  of  the  French  Academy  of  Sciences.  He 
was  well  versed  in  Botany,  Natural  Philosophy,  and  Geology.  Anthony  William 
Amo,  an  African  from  the  Coast  of  Guinea,  was  well  acquainted  with  Astronomy, 
and  spoke  the  Latin,  Hebrew,  Greek,  French,  Dutch,  and  German  languages.  He 
took  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Wirtemberg,  and 
WE  s  as  highly  esteemed  for  his  integrity  as  his  learning.  J.  E.  J.  Capetein,  who 
ws  s  brought  from  Africa  when  seven  years  old.  was  equally  distinguished.  He 
understood  the  Hebrew,  Latin,  Greek  and  Chaldaic  languages,  had  talent  as  a 
painter,  and  wrote  Latin  verses. 


i 


tiuau,  a  youii^  \^uuaii  tuave,  was  aimusi  equal  111  i,rui 
might  be  mentioned,  and  among  them  the  noted  Phillis  Wheatley,  who  has  left  a 
volume  of  very  creditable  poems,  produced  at  a  time  when  a  female  writer  in  any 


s.— Toussaint  was  one  of  the  greatest  Generals  of  the  age.  His  genius  was  at 
least  grand  enough  to  excite  the  envy  of  Napoleon,  who  cruelly  and  treacherously 
murdered  him,  by  a  protracted  confinement  in  the  submerged  prison  of  Joux. 

t. — Benjamin  Banneker,  a  colored  man  of  Maryland,  made  great  attainments  in 
Astronomy.  He  calculated  an  almanac  for  four  different  years,  which  attracted 
the  attention  of  Fox,  Pitt,  and  other  distinguished  men  of  the  time. 

u  and  v.— Placido,  a  young  Cuban  Slave,  had  very  great  natural  poetic  genius. 
He  was  executed  with  ten  others  for  an  attempt  to  change  the  political  condition 
of  Cuba  in  favor  of  his  people.  On  his  way  to  execution  he  recited  an  elegiac 
poem,  which  has  been  translated  by  Mrs.  Chapman,  of  Boston. 

Juan,  a  young  Cuban  slave,  was  almost  equal  in^geniusjq  Placido.    Many  others 
mi 
vc 
class  was  a  phenomenon. 

Mr.  Bell,  of  San  Francisco,  has  also  a  fine  poetic  genius,  of  which  we,  and  all 
the  friends  of  his  race,  may  well  be  proud. 

w.— Though  Mr.  Garnet  is  a  clergyman,  yet  the  distinguishing  power  of  his 
genius  is  Oratory. 

x. — Rev.  Elijah  P.  Lovejoy  was  shot  by  a  pro-slavery  mob,  November  8,  1837. 

y. — John  Quincy  Adams. 

z.— Prudence  Crandall  was  mobbed  repeatedly,  and  imprisoned  as  a  malefactor, 
for  opening  a  boarding-school  for  colored  girls,  at  Canterbury,  Connecticut,  in  1831. 

a  a.— The  Fugitive  Slave  Bill. 

bb. — The  pro-slavery  spirit  of  the  Religious  and  Political  Powers  culminated  in 
the  incredible  wrongs  resulting  from  the  above. 

c  c. — The  arrest  and  detention  of  Fugitive  Slaves  became  a  thriving  business  ; 
and  it  was  most  unscrupulously  conducted.  Every  Negro,  or  Mulatto,  was,  pre- 
sumptively, a  Slave,  and  was  liable  to  be  arrested  and  imprisoned ;  or,  in  default 
of  a  claimant,  might  be  sold  to  pay  his  jail  fees. 

d  d.— Margaret,  a  slave,  escaped  from  Boone  county,  Kentucky ;  on  being  recap- 
tured, killed  one  child,  and  was  in  the  act  of  killing  two  others,  when  arrested. 

eeand  ff.— Among  the  many  cases  of  the  arrest  and  return  of  Fugitive  Slaves, 
that  of  Anthony  Burns  excited  great  interest  and  sympathy.  He  was  a  preacher 
of  good  repute,  and  a  man  of  far  more  than  ordinary  power.  When  captured  he 
was  taken  through  King  street,  where  Attucks  fell  on  the  5th  of  March,  1770. 
This  day,  which  was  signalized  as  the  Boston  Massacre,  was  celebrated  until  afte^ 
the  Declaration  of  Independence.  In  the  beginning  of  the  outbreak,  Crispus 
Attucks,  shouting  forth  some  patriotic  sentiment,  was  shot  dead  on  the  spot.  Thus 
the  first  blood  spilt  in  the  Revolution  was  the  blood  of  a  Negro. 

gg. — Hercules. 

hh. — It  is  well  known  that  Governor  Wise,  and  his  compeers,  denominated  the 
Laboring  Classes  of  the  North  the  "  mud-sills  "  of  the  social  fabric ;  and  the 
grandest  of  all  their  mistakes  seems  to  be,  that  of  believing  us  to  be  a  nation  of 
cowards. 

ii. — Charybdis  was  a  dangerous  whirlpool  on  the  coast  of  Sicily,  and  Scylla,  an- 
other equally  dangerous,  opposite,  on  the  coast  of  Italy.  The  passage  between 
them  was  extremely  difficult.  If  any  man  ever  realized  this  position,  it  was 
Abraham  Lincoln,  when  he  took  the  helm  as  President  of  the  United  States. 

kk.— The  great  Indignation  meeting  at  Union  Square,  New  York,  in  April,  1861, 
where,  in  the  enthusiasm  of  the  hour,  the  gigantic  statue  of  Washington  seemed 
to  preside. 

1 1.— On  the  departure  of  the  second  large  ship  with  soldiers  from  New  York,  in 
the  Spring  of  1861. 

mm.— The  siege  of  Charleston  is  placed  above  all  military  operations  by  the 
French  Journal  de  Science  Mttitaire,  which  expressed  amazement  at  the  prodigies 
of  valor  on  both  sides. 

nn.— Samuel  B.  Brittan.  Jr.,  a  youth  of  seventeen,  private  Secretary  of  Captain 
Porter— a  boy  of  wonderful  courage,  manliness  and  beauty— was  struck  by  a  ball 
on  board  the  Essex,  while  in  the  act  of  cheering  the  men  at  the  guns.  In  his  last 
letter  to  his  mother  he  says  :  "If,  with  my  small  strength,  I  can  do  anything 
worthy  of  such  a  cause,  I  am  determined.  Hereafter  I  may  feel  more  a  man,  if  I 
shall  have  assisted  in  putting  down  this  vile  rebellion.1' 

o  o.— Ensign  Charles  W.  Snow,  youngest  son  of  Captain  Israel  Snow,  of  Rock- 
land,  Maine,  was  attached  to  the  United  States  steamer  Arkansas,  and  died  in  the 
hospital,  at  New  Orleans,  of  yellow  fever.  He  was  a  remarkably  brave,  patriotic 
and  precocious  youth,  and  though  only  twenty-two  years  of  age,  had  filled  com- 
plicated offices  of  honor  and  trust,  such  as  few  mature  men  could  sustain. 

p  p. — The  Freed  Negroes  called  Lincoln  a  Savior  ;  and  many  believed  that  in 
him  had  been  realized  the  Second  Coming  of  Christ,  with  the  Universal  Year  of 
Jubilee. 


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